Which genetic condition leads to an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer among others?

• A. Lynch syndrome
• B. Down syndrome
• C. Cystic fibrosis
• D. Marfan syndrome

Answer: (A)

Lynch syndrome, also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is the genetic condition that significantly increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer, as well as other types of cancer such as endometrial, ovarian, stomach, small intestine, and urinary tract cancers. This condition is caused by mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes, which play a critical role in repairing DNA replication errors. When these genes are mutated, there is an accumulation of genetic changes that can lead to tumor formation.

Individuals with Lynch syndrome often develop colorectal cancer at a younger age than the general population, typically between their 30s and 50s. This condition is also characterized by a familial pattern of cancer occurrence, leading to more aggressive screening recommendations and preventive measures in affected families.

In contrast, the other conditions listed do not have a direct association with an increased risk for colorectal cancer. Down syndrome involves different types of health challenges, primarily related to intellectual disabilities and congenital conditions. Cystic fibrosis mainly affects the respiratory and digestive systems and does not have a known relationship with colorectal cancer risk. Marfan syndrome is a connective tissue disorder that primarily affects the cardiovascular system and does not increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Thus, Lynch syndrome is